Recent versions of international high-stakes tests like TOEFL and IELTS have made use of integrated tasks in addition to the traditional independent tasks in a claim to provide a more realistic estimation of the test takers’ language abilities. The present study aimed to investigate how test takers’ performance may differ on such tasks. As such, the test takers’ performance was compared on IELT...

Journal writing is a promising follow-up to course-work. A learning journal is a written explication of one’s own learning processes and outcomes after a lecture or seminar session. To fully exploit the potential of journal writing, instructional support is required. Experimental studies showed that prompts are effective in optimizing journal writing. To investigate the long-term effects of pro...

recent versions of international high-stakes tests like toefl and ielts have made use of integrated tasks in addition to the traditional independent tasks in a claim to provide a more realistic estimation of the test takers’ language abilities. the present study aimed to investigate how test takers’ performance may differ on such tasks. as such, the test takers’ performance was compared on ielt...

Learning protocols are a promising follow-up course work. A learning protocol is a written explication of one’s learning processes and outcomes. According to the self-regulation view of writing-to-learn, such writing assignments have to be supported. In this study, learning protocols were structured by prompts to elicit important learning activities as they are postulated in a cyclical model of...

In a controlled experiment using Comrade, a computer-supported peer review system, student reviewers offered feedback to student authors on their written analyses of a problem scenario. In each condition, reviewers received a different type of rating prompt: domain-related writing composition prompts or problem/issue specific prompts. We found that the reviewers were sensitive to the type of ra...

Linguistic properties of writing prompts have been shown to influence the writing patterns contained in student essays. The majority of previous research on these prompt-based effects has focused on the lexical and syntactic properties of writing prompts and essays. The current study expands this research by investigating the effects of prompt cohesion on the cohesive features of student essays...

abstract in iran, most english teachers’ method of teaching writing is merely to have students do some writing exercises or simply to give them writing tests without any instruction, but writing is not an easy task for students, and teachers should be able to do more to facilitate their students’ writing. one of the ways to aid writing is dynamic assessment via graduated prompt. the graduated p...

This article presents two longitudinal studies that investigated expertise reversal effects in journal writing. In Experiment 1, students wrote regular journal entries over a whole term. The experimental group received a combination of cognitive and metacognitive prompts. The control group received no prompts. In the first half of the term, the experimental group applied more cognitive and meta...

Although learning protocols seem to be a promising possibility as a form of follow-up course work, cognitive and metacognitive learning activities proved to be suboptimal in “naive” protocols. Therefore, learning protocols were structured by prompts to elicit cognitive and metacognitive learning activities and thereby improve their effects. An experiment with four conditions was conducted. The ...